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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 56: e12824, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1505874

RESUMO

The "timed inspiratory effort" (TIE) index, a new predictor of weaning outcome, normalizes the maximal inspiratory pressure with the time required to reach this value up to 60 s, incorporating the time domain into the assessment of inspiratory muscle function. The objective of this study was to determine whether the TIE predicts successful extubation at a similar rate as the T-piece trial with less time required. A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial was performed with ICU subjects eligible for weaning. The participants were allocated to the TIE or the T-piece groups. The primary outcome was successful weaning, and the main secondary outcome was ICU mortality. Eighty participants of each group were included in the final analysis. Time from the start of a successful test to effective extubation was significantly lower in the TIE group than in the T-piece group, 15 (10 to 24) vs 55 (40 to 75) min, P<0.001. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, no significant differences were found in successful weaning (79.5 vs 82.5%, P=0.268) or survival rate (62.9 vs 53.8%, P=0.210) between the TIE and T-piece groups at the 30th day. In this preliminary study, the TIE index was not inferior to the T-piece trial as a decision-making tool for extubation and allowed a reduction in the decision time.

2.
Rev. chil. reumatol ; 37(1): 34-38, 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1400386

RESUMO

La presencia de manifestaciones neuropsiquiátricas en pacientes reumatológicos trae consigo un gran desafío diagnóstico que exige una mirada amplia, desde las bases de la medicina interna, a fin de poder orientar un estudio adecuado y el tratamiento oportuno. Junto con ello, el permanente diálogo e intercambio de miradas clínicas con otras especialidades permite tener un enfoque multidisciplinario que enriquece el abordaje de estas presentaciones complejas.


The presence of neuropsychiatric manifestations in rheumatological patients brings with it a great diagnostic challenge that requires a broad view, from the foundations of internal medicine, in order to guide the appropriate study and timely treatment of these patients. Along with this, the permanent dialogue and exchange of clinical views with other specialties allows for a multidisciplinary approach that enriches the approach to these complex presentations.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vasculite Associada ao Lúpus do Sistema Nervoso Central/terapia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/terapia , Azatioprina , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Imunossupressores
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(3): 677-682, June 2020. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098306

RESUMO

Given the importance of the Golden kingklip (Genypterus blacodes) as an alternative to the production of salmonid species for worldwide diversification of aquaculture this study researched the morpho-histology of the digestive canal, providing a uniform nomenclature and basic information to support their nutritional management in captive conditions. The objective was to describe the normal morphology of the digestive canal. Twelve wild specimens were collected and dissected. Samples of the esophagus, stomach, liver, pyloric blind and intestines were obtained. An anatomical and histological description was performed. The digestive canal presented a short tubular esophagus, a slightly dilated, J-shaped stomach and thick walls. The stomach had a cardiac region that ended in a pyloric sphincter from which the intestine of thin walls. The intestine presented an anterior, middle and posterior segment. The anterior region of the first segment of the middle intestine presented 4-5 pairs of pyloric cecum. The middle intestine represented approximately 30 % of the total length of the digestive canal, with a smaller diameter compared to the first segment. The posterior intestine was separated from the middle intestine by a thick and powerful sphincter. The liver was large and elongated, and located in the peritoneal cavity located to the left plane and ventral to the swim bladder. The gallbladder was located lateral to the hepatic anterior wolf. The bile duct led to the duodenal region of the anterior intestine. Ventrally, the rectum ended in the anus, located in front of the anal fin. In general, the histological structures were variable according to the segment studied, a mucous tunic was recognized that presented a simple columnar epithelium, a lamina propria composed of loose connective tissue, a muscular layer of the mucosa composed of smooth muscle tissue and a submucosal layer composed of loose connective tissue, a circular and longitudinal stratum of muscular tunic, which had striated musculature and an adventitial tunic composed of a simple squamous epithelium. In conclusion, Golden kingklip (Genypterus blacodes) presents a digestive system typical of a carnivorous benthic fish adapted to feed on fish and crustaceans.


Dada la importancia del Congrio colorado (Genypterus blacodes) como alternativa a la producción de especies salmonídeas para la diversificación mundial de la acuicultura, el objetivo del presente estudio es describir la morfología normal del canal digestivo de esta especie, proporcionando una nomenclatura uniforme e información básica para apoyar su manejo nutricional en condiciones de cautiverio. Doce especímenes silvestres fueron colectados y disecados. Se obtuvo muestras del esófago, estómago, hígado, ciego pilórico e intestinos. Se realizó una descripción anatómica e histológica. El canal digestivo presentó un esófago tubular corto, un estómago ligeramente dilatado, con forma de J y paredes gruesas. El estómago presentaba una región cardíaca que terminaba en un esfínter pilórico desde el cual el intestino de paredes delgadas. El intestino presentaba un segmento anterior, medio y posterior. La región anterior del primer segmento del intestino medio presentó 4-5 pares de ciegos pilóricos. El intestino medio representó aproximadamente el 30 % de la longitud total del canal digestivo, con un diámetro menor en comparación con el primer segmento. El intestino posterior estaba separado del intestino medio por un esfínter grueso y poderoso. El hígado era grande y alargado, y ubicado en la cavidad peritoneal ubicado al plano izquierdo y ventral a la vejiga natatoria. La vesícula biliar se ubicó lateral al lobo anterior hepático. El ducto biliar desembocó en la región duodenal del intestino anterior. Ventralmente, el recto terminó en el ano, ubicado frente a la aleta anal. En general, las estructuras histológicas fueron variables según el segmento estudiado, se reconoció una túnica mucosa que presentaba un epitelio columnar simple, una lámina propia de la mucosa compuesta por tejido conectivo laxo, una capa muscular de la mucosa compuesta por músculo liso tejido y una capa submucosa compuesta de tejido conectivo laxo, un estrato circular y longitudinal de túnica muscular, que tenía musculatura estriada y una túnica adventicia compuesta por un epitelio plano simple. En conclusión, Congrio colorado (Genypterus blacodes) presenta un sistema digestivo típico de un pez bentónico carnívoro adaptado para alimentarse de peces y crustáceos.


Assuntos
Animais , Sistema Digestório/anatomia & histologia , Peixes/anatomia & histologia , Estômago/anatomia & histologia , Intestinos/anatomia & histologia
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(5): 1453-1458, set.-out. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1038653

RESUMO

Cases of compressive myelopathy syndrome associated with post vaccinal pyogranulomas were diagnosed post mortem in three cows from a farm in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. These cows presented ataxia and bilateral paresis of the pelvic limbs, which evolved to paralysis, and sternal recumbence. On necropsy, locally extensive areas of the longissimus dorsi muscle were replaced by pyogranulomas supported by moderate amounts of fibrous connective tissue. On the cut surface, some nodules contained yellowish and viscous fluid (purulent exudate) or whitish fluid (interpreted as the oily adjuvant of a vaccine). In the spinal canal of the subjacent vertebrae, compressing the spinal cord, were pyogranulomas identical to those described in the skeletal muscle. Histologically, the pyogranulomas were composed of a central clear vacuole (consistent with the space left by the oil adjuvant droplets), surrounded by neutrophils and, more externally, by large numbers of epithelioid macrophages and fewer multinucleated giant cells. In the white matter of the spinal cord were numerous well-defined, clear vacuoles (Wallerian degeneration). The association of the clinical history and pathological findings allowed the diagnosis of compressive myelopathy associated with pyogranulomatous reaction to the oily adjuvant of the foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, in this case, due to its inadequate application.(AU)


São descritos casos de síndrome de compressão medular, associada a granulomas pós-vacinais, em bovinos Nelore, provenientes de uma propriedade em Minas Gerais. Esses bovinos apresentavam ataxia e paresia bilateral dos membros pélvicos, que evoluiu para paralisia e decúbito esternal. Na necropsia, áreas focalmente extensas da musculatura na região torácica dorsal (músculo longissimus dorsi) eram substituídas por numerosos piogranulomas, separados por tecido brancacento e firme (tecido conjuntivo fibroso). Ao corte, alguns nódulos continham material amarelado e viscoso (exsudato purulento) ou material esbranquiçado e fluido (sugestivo de adjuvante de vacina). No canal medular das vértebras subjacentes, havia granulomas idênticos aos observados no tecido muscular. Histologicamente, os piogranulomas continham, no centro, vacúolo, bem delimitado e arredondado (consistente com o espaço deixado pela gotícula de lipídio do adjuvante), circundado por variável quantidade de neutrófilos degenerados e íntegros e, mais externamente, por numerosos macrófagos epitelioides e algumas células gigantes multinucleadas. Nas áreas da medula espinhal, circundadas pelos granulomas, numerosos vacúolos, bem definidos, eram observados na substância branca (degeneração walleriana). A associação do histórico clínico e de achados patológicos permitiu o diagnóstico de mielopatia compressiva associada à reação granulomatosa ao adjuvante oleoso da vacina contra febre aftosa, no caso, induzida pela aplicação inadequada da vacina.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Compressão da Medula Espinal/induzido quimicamente , Compressão da Medula Espinal/veterinária , Doenças da Medula Espinal/veterinária , Vacinas/efeitos adversos , Febre Aftosa/prevenção & controle , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/veterinária
5.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 90(5): 508-514, oct. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058177

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La escala Early Feeding Skills (EFS) evalúa la conducta del neonato antes, durante y posterior al proceso de alimentación. OBJETIVOS: Determinar la validez de fachada, de contenido y evaluar con dicha escala el proceso de alimentación en los recién nacidos prematuros comparando con variables relevantes. PPACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se evaluaron prematuros de 34 a 36 semanas de edad corregida sin daño neurológico o malformaciones craneofaciales. Diseño de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante escala EFS, versión corregida mediante validación de fachada y contenido. Las variables de estudio fueron género, logro de alimentación por pecho, y habilidades de alimentación durante el proceso de alimentación, evaluadas por 2 observadoras Se analizaron medidas de dispersión y se aplicó prueba Fisher al 5% de significancia, estableciendo la asociación de los resultados obtenidos con las variables. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 5 dominios: (1) Capacidad de mantenerse enfocado en la alimentación, en que el 75,3% posee un nivel desempeño deficiente y el 28,6% equitativo existiendo diferencias significativas con la variable sexo. (2) Capacidad de organizar el funcionamiento motor - oral tiene un 10,5% deficiente, un 68,8% equitativo y un 20,6% bueno. (3) Capacidad de coordinar la deglución el 95,2% presenta un rendimiento equitativo. (4) Capacidad de mantener la estabilidad fisiológica el 96,7% fue equitativo y en (5) Evaluación de la tolerancia alimentaria oral tiene un desempeño deficiente del 41,6%. CONCLUSIÓN: La escala EFS es una herra mienta que aporta información relevante para describir el proceso de alimentación oral en lactantes prematuros, permitiendo identificar las áreas de mayor dificultad que requieren tratamiento profe sional, sin embargo, esta herramienta no es suficiente por sí sola para llevar a cabo una evaluación integral del proceso de alimentación del neonato.


INTRODUCTION: The Early Feeding Skills (EFS) scale assessed the neonate's behavior before, during, and after the feeding process. OBJECTIVES: To determine the face and content validity, and to evaluate with this scale the feeding process in premature newborns comparing with relevant variables. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Premature newborns were evaluated; they were between 34 to 36 weeks of corrected age, without neurological damage or craniofacial malformations. Cross-sectional descriptive study. The data were obtained through the EFS scale, version corrected by face and content validation. The study variables were gender, breastfeeding achievement, and feeding skills during the feeding process, evaluated by two observers. Dispersion measures were analyzed, and the Fisher test was used at 5% significance, establishing the association of the obtained results with the variables. RESULTS: 5 domains were evaluated: (1) Ability to stay focused on food, in which 75.3% have a poor performance level, and 28.6% equitable, with significant differences in the sex variable. (2) Ability to organize motor- oral functioning presents 10.5% deficient, 68.8% equitable, and 20.6% good. (3) Ability to coordinate swallowing 95.2% presents an equitable performance. (4) Ability to maintain physiological stability 96.7% was equitable; and (5) Evaluation of oral food tolerance presents 41.6% of poor performance. CONCLUSION: The EFS scale is a tool that provides relevant information to describe the oral feeding process in premature infants, allowing to identify the areas of greatest difficulty that require profes sional treatment, however, this tool is not enough by itself to carry a comprehensive evaluation of the newborn feeding process.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Aleitamento Materno , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Fatores Sexuais , Estudos Transversais , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Deglutição/fisiologia
6.
Rev. chil. reumatol ; 35(4): 158-160, 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1282356

RESUMO

El mayor acceso a las terapias biológicas para el tratamiento de múltiples enfer-medades autoinmune trae consigo el mayor riesgo de padecer eventos adversos relacionados al uso de estos2,4. Presentamos un caso clínico de una paciente con diagnóstico de artritis reumatoide en tratamiento con ANTI TNF


The greater access to biological therapies for the treatment of multiple autoim-mune diseases brings with it the greatest risk of suffering adverse events related to the use of these (2,4). We present a clinical case of a patient diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis in treatment with ANTI TNF


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lúpus Eritematoso Cutâneo/etiologia , Inibidores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/efeitos adversos , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Doenças Autoimunes/terapia
7.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 86(3): 173-181, jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-760111

RESUMO

Introducción: La cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) es un método de soporte respiratorio cada vez más utilizado en pediatría por sus resultados y seguridad. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de la CNAF, evaluar factores asociados a fracaso y complicaciones relacionadas con su uso en lactantes. Pacientes y método: Se analizaron los datos demográficos, clínicos, gasométricos, radiológicos y complicaciones de los pacientes conectados a CNAF en una unidad crítica entre junio de 2012 y septiembre de 2014. Se compararon los pacientes que fracasaron con los respondedores a CNAF, considerándose fracaso la necesidad de un mayor soporte respiratorio durante las primeras 48 h de conexión. Se utilizó test de Kolmogorov Smirnov, U de Mann-Whitney, Chi cuadrado, test exacto de Fisher, correlaciones y Modelo de regresión logística binaria para p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Un total de 109 pacientes. Mediana de edad y peso: 1 mes (0,2-20 meses) y 3,7 kg (2-10 kg); percentil 95: 3,7 meses y 5,7 kg respectivamente. El diagnóstico y patrón radiológico más frecuente fue bronquiolitis (53,2%) e infiltrado intersticial (56%). Un 70,6% respondió. Hubo diferencia significativa entre fracaso y respuesta en el diagnóstico (p = 0,013), radiografía (p = 0,018), contexto de conexión (p < 0,0001), pCO2 (mediana 40,7 mm Hg [15,4-67 mm Hg] versus 47,3 mm Hg [28,6-71,3 mm Hg], p = 0,004) y horas de CNAF (mediana 60,75 h [5-621,5 h] versus 10,5 h [1-29 h], p < 0,0001). El OR de PCO2 ≥ 55 mm Hg para fracaso fue 2,97 (IC 95%: 1,08-8,17; p = 0,035). Ningún paciente falleció ni registró complicaciones. Conclusión: El porcentaje de éxito observado fue similar a lo publicado. En esta muestra el fracaso de CNAF solo se asoció a una pCO2 inicial ≥ 55 mm Hg. Su uso se consideró seguro al no reportarse complicaciones relacionadas a su utilización. Se requiere de un estudio multicéntrico, aleatorizado y controlado para contrastar estos resultados.


Introduction: The high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a method of respiratory support that is increasingly being used in paediatrics due to its results and safety. Objective: To determine the efficacy of HFNC, as well as to evaluate the factors related to its failure and complications associated with its use in infants. Patients and method: An analysis was performed on the demographic, clinical, blood gas, and radiological data, as well as the complications of patients connected to a HFNC in a critical care unit between June 2012 and September 2014. A comparison was made between the patients who failed and those who responded to HFNC. A failure was considered as the need for further respiratory support during the first 48 hours of connection. The Kolmogorov Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U, chi squared and the Exact Fisher test were used, as well as correlations and a binary logistic regression model for P ≤ .05. Results: The study included 109 patients, with a median age and weight: 1 month (0.2-20 months) and 3.7 kg (2-10 kg); 95 percentile: 3.7 months and 5.7 kg, respectively. The most frequent diagnosis and radiological pattern was bronchiolitis (53.2%) and interstitial infiltration (56%). Around 70.6% responded. There was a significant difference between failure and response in the diagnosis (P = .013), radiography (P = 018), connection context (P < .0001), pCO2 (median 40.7 mmHg [15.4-67 mmHg] versus 47.3 mmHg [28.6-71.3 mmHg], P = .004) and hours on HFNC (median 60.75 hrs [5-621.5 hrs] versus 10.5 hrs [1-29 hrs], P < .0001). The OR of the PCO2 ≥ 55 mmHg for failure was 2.97 (95% CI; 1.08-8.17; P = .035). No patient died and no complications were recorded. Conclusion: The percentage success observed was similar to that published. In this sample, the failure of HFNC was only associated with an initial pCO2 ≥ 55 mmHg. On there being no complications reported as regards it use, it is considered safe, although a randomised, controlled, multicentre study is required to compare and contrast these results.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Oxigenoterapia/métodos , Cateterismo/métodos , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Pneumopatias/terapia , Gasometria , Administração Intranasal , Dióxido de Carbono/sangue , Bronquiolite/terapia , Bronquiolite/epidemiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Longitudinais , Resultado do Tratamento , Falha de Tratamento , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/terapia , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias/fisiopatologia , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia
8.
Cir. parag ; 38(2): 16-21, dic. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-972564

RESUMO

Antecedentes: La acalasia es el desorden motor primario del esófago, en el cual hay una relajación ineficiente del esfínter esofágico inferior con pérdida progresiva de la perístasis esofágica, como consecuencia de ambos mecanismos se produce dilatación gradual del esófago. La acalasia puede ser primaria (idiopática) y secundaria. La causa más común de acalasia secundaria es la enfermedad de Chagas. OBJETIVO: Analizar nuestra experiencia con los datos de pacientes diagnosticados y tratados de acalasia en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Nacional de Itaugua. Diseño: Observacional. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Pacientes diagnosticados de Acalasia en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Nacional de Itaugua entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2013. Todos los casos de acalasia diagnosticados de forma consecutiva en el período e institución antes señalados que pudieron ser intervenidos quirurgicamente. Se excluyeron los casos sin intervención quirurgica. Se consideró la edad, género; también nos interesó la presentación de los pacientes con anemia y el motivo de consulta con el cual se presentaron. CONCLUSIONES: La miotomía asociada a una funduplicatura parcial por laparoscopía, es una técnica segura y efectiva para el alivio de la disfagia en los pacientes con acalasia. En los dolicomegaesofagos de no existir contraindicación la esofagectomía debe ser evaluada.


BACKGROUND: Achalasia is a primary Motor disorder of the esophagus in which there is an inefficient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation with progressive loss of esophageal peristalsis, as a result of two mechanisms gradual dilation of the esophagus occurs. Achalasia can be primary (idiopathic) and secondary. The most common cause of secondary achalasia is Chagas disease. To analyze our experience with data from patients diagnosed and treated for achalasia in the Department of Surgery of the National Hospital of Itaugua. DESIGN: Observational. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with achalasia in General Surgery Itaugua National Hospital between January 2008 and December 2013 All cases of achalasia diagnosed consecutively in the mentioned period and institution that could be surgically operated. Cases without surgical intervention were excluded. Age, gender was considered; also interested us Patients presenting with anemia and the reason for consultation which were presented. CONCLUSIONS: myotomy associated with a partial laparoscopic fundoplication is safe and effective for the relief of dysphagia in patients with achalasia art. In the absence of contraindications dolicomegaesofagos esophagectomy should be evaluated.


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos de Deglutição , Acalasia Esofágica , Doença de Chagas
9.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 111(1): 22-28, Feb. 2013. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-663644

RESUMO

Introduction. As a result of the increased number of both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in pediatric outpatients, sedation and analgesia have gained relevance in this context. Objective. To characterize the type of sedation and analgesia used by pediatric sedation teams in procedures done outside the operating room, as well as its safety and outcome. Population and Methods. All procedures performed in 1 month to 5 year old patients under intravenous sedation with midazolam, ketamine, propofol or lidocaine were analyzed over a 14-month period. The Ramsay sedation scale and the CHEOPS pain scale were used to determine the response to the sedation and analgesia administered. Results. A total of 186 procedures were analyzed. The results of the evaluation of response to sedation and analgesia indicated that an adequate deep sedation was obtained in 98% of cases, and that an adequate analgesia was achieved in 92% of patients. Around 12% of the procedures were associated with adverse events, all related to the airways, and none was serious. The only statistically significant endpoint associated with adverse events were procedures which involved airway interventions, i.e., fibrobronchoscopy, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or transesophageal echocardiogram, with an OR of 6.27 (95% CI: 1.28-30.63; p = 0.023). Conclusions. In this group of patients, intravenous outpatient sedation and analgesia administered by a specialized team were safe and effective.


Introducción. Producto del aumento de los procedimientos pediátricos, tanto diagnósticos como terapéuticos fuera del quirófano, la sedación y analgesia en este contexto ha cobrado importancia. Objetivo. Caracterizar el tipo de sedoanalgesia utilizada por un equipo de sedación pediátrico en procedimientos fuera del quirófano, así como sus resultados y su seguridad. Pacientes y métodos. Se analizaron todos los procedimientos realizados bajo sedación intravenosa con midazolam, ketamina, propofol o lidocaína, en pacientes de entre 1 mes y 5 años, en un período de 14 meses. Para determinar la respuesta a la sedoanalgesia administrada, se aplicó la escala de sedación de Ramsay y la escala de dolor de CHEOPS. Resultados. Se analizaron 186 procedimientos. Al evaluar la respuesta a la sedoanalgesia, se obtuvo una sedación profunda adecuada en un 98% de los casos y una analgesia adecuada en un 92% de los pacientes. Un 12% de los procedimientos se asociaron a efectos adversos, todos relacionados con la vía aérea, ninguno grave. La única variable vinculada de forma estadísticamente significativa a la ocurrencia de eventos adversos fue el procedimiento con intervención de la vía aérea, es decir, fibrobroncoscopia, endoscopia digestiva alta o ecocardiograma transesofágico, con un OR de 6,27 (IC 95% 1,28 a 30,63; p= 0,023). Conclusiones. En este grupo de pacientes la sedación y analgesia intravenosa para procedimientos fuera del quirófano, otorgada por un equipo especializado, resultó segura y eficaz.


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Analgesia , Sedação Consciente , Sedação Profunda , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos
10.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 45(11): 1002-1010, Nov. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-650578

RESUMO

Ricinus communis L. is of great economic importance due to the oil extracted from its seeds. Castor oil has been used for pharmaceutical and industrial applications, as a lubricant or coating agent, as a component of plastic products, as a fungicide or in the synthesis of biodiesel fuels. After oil extraction, a castor cake with a large amount of protein is obtained. However, this by-product cannot be used as animal feed due to the presence of toxic (ricin) and allergenic (2S albumin) proteins. Here, we propose two processes for detoxification and allergen inactivation of the castor cake. In addition, we establish a biological test to detect ricin and validate these detoxification processes. In this test, Vero cells were treated with ricin, and cell death was assessed by cell counting and measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity. The limit of detection of the Vero cell assay was 10 ng/mL using a concentration of 1.6 x 10(5) cells/well. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) and treatment with calcium compounds were used as cake detoxification processes. For SSF, Aspergillus niger was grown using a castor cake as a substrate, and this cake was analyzed after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of SSF. Ricin was eliminated after 24 h of SSF treatment. The cake was treated with 4 or 8% Ca(OH)2 or CaO, and both the toxicity and the allergenic properties were entirely abolished. A by-product free of toxicity and allergens was obtained.


Assuntos
Animais , Alérgenos/efeitos dos fármacos , Aspergillus niger/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Compostos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Semente de Rícino/efeitos dos fármacos , Inativação Metabólica , Alérgenos/toxicidade , Aspergillus niger/efeitos dos fármacos , Chlorocebus aethiops , Semente de Rícino/toxicidade , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Degranulação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Enzimática , Fermentação , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ricina/isolamento & purificação , Ricina/toxicidade , Fatores de Tempo , Testes de Toxicidade , /isolamento & purificação , /toxicidade , Células Vero
11.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 28(6): 504-511, dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-612148

RESUMO

Background: Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a newly discovered parvovirus found in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI). Objectives: To describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of children < 5 years old consulting for ARTI, comparing cases of HBoV monoinfection and coinfection with other known respiratory viruses. Furthermore, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of viral shedding in asymptomatic children and perform phylogenetic analysis. Patients and Methods: We investigated the presence of HBoV in nasopharyngeal secretions from children consulting for AlRTI and among asymptomatic controls, between 2007 and 2008, by polymerase chain reaction. Results: HBoV was detected in 79 (21.8 percent) of 362 nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from children with ARTI. In 60/79 (76 percent), coinfection with other respiratory viruses was confirmed. Most common symptoms were cough, fever and rhinorrhea. Children infected only with HBoV showed significantly lower frequencies of respiratory distress, oxygen requirements and hospital admission than those with coinfection. HBoV was detected in 6/16 (37.5 percent) samples from asymptomatic children. The phylogenetic analysis of viruses from Chilean patients revealed that circulating HBoV was closely related to original strains. Conclusions: HBoV was found either in symptomatic and asymptomatic children. The severity of the disease was greater when HBoV was associated to other respiratory viruses.


Introducción: Bocavirus humano (HBoV) es un nuevo parvovirus encontrado en niños con infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA). Objetivos: Describir la epidemiología y perfil clínico en niños < 5 años con IRA, comparando aquellos con HBoV como único agente identificado, con los que tenían co-infección con otro virus respiratorio. Además se evaluó su prevalencia en niños asintomáticos, y se realizó análisis filogenético. Materiales y Métodos: Se investigó la presencia de HBoV, por medio de reacción de polimerasa en cadena, en muestras de secreción nasofaríngea obtenida en niños con IRA y en controles asintomáticos, entre 2007 y 2008. Resultados: Se detectó HBoV en 79 (21,8 por ciento) de 362 muestras obtenidas en pacientes con IRA. En 60/79 (76 por ciento), se demostró co-infección. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron tos, fiebre y rinorrea. Los pacientes con HBoV como único agente identificado mostraron frecuencias significativamente menores de dificultad respiratoria, requerimiento de oxígeno y hospitalización, comparado con los co-infectados. HBoV se detectó en 6/16 (37,5 por ciento) muestras de niños asintomáticos. El análisis filogenético de las cepas chilenas demuestra estrecha relación con las cepas originales. Conclusiones: HBoV está presente en niños chilenos con IRA y asintomáticos. La gravedad de la enfermedad fue mayor en el grupo con co-infección.


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Bocavirus Humano/genética , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Doença Aguda , Chile/epidemiologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Nasofaringe/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Infecções por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano
12.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 79(1): 19-21, ene.-mar. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-644942

RESUMO

Introducción. El riñón ectópico ocurre por un fallo en el proceso de ascenso renal, este fallo puede producirse por exceso o por defecto dando lugar a la ectopia toráxica en el primer caso y a la ectopia pélvica en el segundo. Caso clínico. Se informa del caso de un paciente masculino de 12 meses de edad con historia de infecciones urinarias recurrentes desde los 4 meses de edad. Los estudios urológicos detectaron una ectopia renal simple afuncional izquierda por lo que se le realizó nefrectomía sin complicaciones y con buena evolución posterior. Conclusión. La ectopia renal simple es una malformación renal rara que puede cursar asintomática o debutar con infecciones urinarias y cuyo tratamiento depende de la función de la unidad renal...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Lactente , Infecções Urinárias/complicações , Insuficiência Renal/complicações , Nefrectomia/métodos , Anormalidades Congênitas/psicologia , Cistos
13.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 20(4): 491-499, jul. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-530385

RESUMO

Las indicaciones de la amigdalectomía y la adenoidectomía no han variado significativamente en las últimas décadas. En la actualidad, una gran variedad de métodos quirúrgicos están disponibles para realizar estos procedimientos, todos los cuales son esencialmente seguros y efectivos. La posibilidad de visualizar el campo operatorio rinofaríngeo a través de una cámara adosada a un endoscopio ha permitido reducir las recurrencias sintomáticas y las complicaciones post-operatorias. Respecto a la amigdalectomía, cobran cada día más importancia nuevas técnicas como son la ablación por radiofrecuencia o las resecciones intracapsulares que permiten disminuir las tasas de hemorragia y el dolor post-operatorio. La decisión de optar por una técnica en particular dependerá de una serie de factores: indicación de la cirugía (infección vs. obstrucción), disponibilidad de equipamiento en pabellón, posibilidad de asumir costos adicionales y preferencias del cirujano.


The indications for adenotonsillectomy have not been changed significlantly in the last decades. Currently, a great variety of surgical procedures are available and are all essentially safe and effective. Regarding tonsillectomy, everyday new techniques are becoming more popular, such as coblation, radiofrecuency, or intracapsular resection that allows a decrease in the incidente of post operative hemorrhage and pain. The use of an endoscope and camera to visualize the rhino pharynx has reduced the recurrence of adenoids and decreased post operative complications. The decision for one particular surgical technique will vary depending of several factors, such as infection versus obstruction, availability of equipment, the possibility of assuming extra cost, and the preference of each surgeon.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adenoidectomia/métodos , Papillomaviridae , Tonsila Faríngea/cirurgia , Tonsilectomia/métodos
14.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 41(10): 854-859, Oct. 2008. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-496800

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to compare heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during exercise using a temporal series obtained with the Polar S810i monitor and a signal from a LYNX® signal conditioner (BIO EMG 1000 model) with a channel configured for the acquisition of ECG signals. Fifteen healthy subjects aged 20.9 ± 1.4 years were analyzed. The subjects remained at rest for 20 min and performed exercise for another 20 min with the workload selected to achieve 60 percent of submaximal heart rate. RR series were obtained for each individual with a Polar S810i instrument and with an ECG analyzed with a biological signal conditioner. The HRV indices (rMSSD, pNN50, LFnu, HFnu, and LF/HF) were calculated after signal processing and analysis. The unpaired Student t-test and intraclass correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing the values analyzed by means of the two devices for HRV at rest and during exercise. The intraclass correlation coefficient demonstrated satisfactory correlation between the values obtained by the devices at rest (pNN50 = 0.994; rMSSD = 0.995; LFnu = 0.978; HFnu = 0.978; LF/HF = 0.982) and during exercise (pNN50 = 0.869; rMSSD = 0.929; LFnu = 0.973; HFnu = 0.973; LF/HF = 0.942). The calculation of HRV values by means of temporal series obtained from the Polar S810i instrument appears to be as reliable as those obtained by processing the ECG signal captured with a signal conditioner.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Eletrocardiografia/instrumentação , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Monitorização Fisiológica/instrumentação , Teste de Esforço , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Descanso/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem
15.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 68(2): 131-142, ago. 2008. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-503434

RESUMO

Introducción: La disfagia orofaríngea es una condición patológica frecuente, especialmente en pacientes añosos. Se asocia a una serie de enfermedades (principalmente neuroiógicas y traumáticas), y conlleva un riesgo considerable de aspiración y neumonía. La evaluación fibroscópica de la deglución es una técnica que permite estudiar la fisiología de la deglución, estimar el riesgo de aspiración y orientar sobre la forma más segura de alimentar al paciente. Objetivo: Revisar la experiencia de nuestra institución en la evaluación fibroscópica de la deglución. Material y método: Entre abril de 2006 y julio de 2007 se evaluaron prospectivamente 75 pacientes, realizándose 96 exámenes en total. Hubo un franco predominio masculino (2/3 del grupo), y la edad promedio de los pacientes evaluados fue de 65,6 + 23,3 años (rango: 12-99 años). El examen se realizó utilizando un nasofaríngolaríngoscopio flexible y administrando alimento (papilla y líquido espeso) teñido con colorante azul natural. En ficha especialmente diseñada se registraron los hallazgos del examen, en especial la presencia de penetración laríngea y de aspiración traqueal del alimento. Resultados: Los diagnósticos neurológicos fueron los más habituales (54,7%), predominando la patología cerebrovascular, el traumatismo encéfalo-craneano y la patología neurológica degenerativa. Sólo el 17,8% de los pacientes presentaron una evaluación completamente normal. La alteración más frecuente fue la presencia de residuos alimentarios posdeglución (79,3%); la penetración laríngea y aspiración traqueal se demostraron en el 46,1% y el 27,3% de las evaluaciones, respectivamente. Tanto la presencia de traqueostomía como la retención de secreciones hipofaríngeas se asociaron, en forma significativa, al hallazgo de aspiración alimentaria. No se logró demostrar una asociación entre el diagnóstico de base del paciente y la severidad de la aspiración. No hubo complicaciones...


Introduction. Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a frequent pathological condition, specially in the elderly It is associated to several diseases (mainly neurological and traumatic) and it carries a risk of pneumonia and aspiration. Fibroscopic evaluation of swallowing allows the study of the physiology of swallowing, the assessment of aspiration risk, and enables counseling as to the safest way to feed the patient. Aim. To review the experience in fibrocopic evaluation of swallowing in our institution Material and method: Seventy five patients were prospectively evaluated between April 2006 and July 2007, for a total of 96 fibroscopies. Two-thirds of the evaluated patients were males, with an average age of 65.6 +/- 23.3 years (ranging from 12 to 99 years). Examination was made by means of a flexible nasopharyngoscope while administering food (purée and thick liquid) stained with a natural blue dye. Findings were registered in a custom-designed data sheet, emphasizing the presence of laryngeal penetration and tracheal aspiration offood. Results. The more frequent diagnoses were neurological (54.7%), with a predominance of cerebrovascular pathology cranial trauma and degenerative neurological pathology Only 17.8% of evaluations were considered completely normal. The most frequent alteration was the presence of post-swallowing food residues (79.3%); laryngeal penetration and tracheal aspiration were demonstrated in 46.1% and 27.3% of evaluations, respectively Both the presence of tracheostomy and of hypopharyngeal secretion retention were significantly associated to food residues presence. An association between the patient s diagnosis and the aspiration severity failed to be demonstrated. No complications were reponed during examination. Conclusion. Swallowing evaluation by fibroscopy is a validated, safe and sensitive examination technique for the evaluation of oropharyngeal dysphagia. It has the advantage of easy-to-carry...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Laringoscopia/métodos , Transtornos de Deglutição/fisiopatologia , Inalação , Deglutição/fisiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Pneumonia Aspirativa/etiologia , Orofaringe/fisiopatologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia
16.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 24(5): 351-359, oct. 2007. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-466465

RESUMO

En Chile, la infección por hantavirus Andes (ANDV) tiene una expresión clínica variable, reconociéndose diversos grados de severidad. El presente estudio se realizó con el objeto de analizar la posible asociación entre la constitución genética de pacientes chilenos para el sistema HLA y la expresión clínica de la infección por ANDV. Se analizaron los alelos HLA A, B, DRB1 y DQB1, en dos grupos de pacientes con infección por ANDV: 41 pacientes con evolución clínica leve (sin insuficiencia respiratoria severa y sin requerimientos de ventilación mecánica) y 46 pacientes con evolución clínica grave (con insuficiencia respiratoria grave y/o shock). La determinación molecular del sistema HLA se realizó mediante SSP-PCR. El alelo HLA DRB1 * 15, se encontró en una frecuencia significativamente más alta en los pacientes leves (p = 0,007). Por lo tanto, el alelo DRB 1*15 se asociaría al curso clínico leve de la enfermedad. El alelo HLA-B*08, se encontró en una frecuencia mayor en los pacientes graves, la diferencia alcanzó una significación estadística marginal (p = 0,06). Así, el alelo HLA-B*08, podría estar asociado al curso clínico grave de síndrome cardiopulmonar ocasionado por hantavirus Andes.


Andes hantavirus (ANDV) infection in Chile has a variable clinical expression, and infected individuals may present with different grades of disease severity. This study aimed to determine if clinical expression of ANDV infection in Chilean patients is associated with the HLA system. HLA alíeles A, B, DRB1 and DQB1, were studied in two groups of patients with confirmed ANDV infection: 41 patients with a mild disease course (without respiratory failure and cardiovascular shock) and 46 patients with a severe disease course (with respiratory failure and shock). Molecular typing of HLA system was performed by SSP-PCR. The HLA-DRB 1*15 alíele, was significantly more common in the group of patients with mild disease (p = 0,007) and thus for possibly associated with a protective effect against ANDV infection. Conversely, HLA-B*08 was more common in patients with severe disease (p = 0,06). Although the association was marginally significant, alíele HLA-B*08 may be linked to an increased susceptibility to the severe clinical course of HCPS by ANDV.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Alelos , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Antígenos HLA/genética , Infecções por Hantavirus/virologia , Doença Aguda , Chile , Genótipo , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
17.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 74(3): 139-141, jul.-sept. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-476342

RESUMO

Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 2 años de edad con historia de neumopatía crónica, cuyos estudios diagnosticaron que se trataba de una hernia diafragmática derecha de Morgagni. Por lo que fue operada en el Hospital de Especialidades del Instituto Hondureño del Seguro Social en forma exitosa. La hernia diafragmática de Morgagni es una patología rara, constituye menos del 5% de todas las hernias diafragmáticas y el presente caso es el primero en reportarse en la literatura médica hondureña...


Assuntos
Feminino , Lactente , Doenças Raras/patologia , Hérnia Diafragmática Traumática/diagnóstico , Hiperostose Frontal Interna/diagnóstico , Cirurgia Geral/métodos , Toracotomia/métodos
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 135(3): 335-340, mar. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-456619

RESUMO

Abstract: Carbamazepine is one of the most commonly used anticonvulsants for the treatment of epilepsy and its plasma concentrations must be monitored periodically to obtain a useful and safe clinical effect. There is not a good relationship between the dose of the carbamazepine and their effects in humans, but the effects of this drug have been well correlated with its plasma levels. Aim: To measure the correlation between plasma and saliva levels of carbamazepine in children with epilepsy. Material and Methods: Saliva and plasma levels of carbamazepine were measured by using instrumental planar chromatography in 11 epileptic children aged 8 to 15 years treated with the drug for at least six months. Results: The mean saliva/plasma ratio was 0.18±0.05 and the mean of carbamazepine concentration in saliva, expressed as a percentage of concentrations in plasma, was 17.97±5.40. There was a poor linear correlation (r =0.37) between the concentrations of carbamazepine in both fluids. Conclusions: In this group of epileptic children the correlation between saliva and plasma carbamazepine levels was weak.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Anticonvulsivantes/análise , Carbamazepina/análise , Epilepsia/metabolismo , Saliva/química , Anticonvulsivantes/sangue , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Carbamazepina/sangue , Carbamazepina/uso terapêutico , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Epilepsia/sangue , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Projetos Piloto
19.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 23(4): 340-345, dic. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-441394

RESUMO

Leuconostoc is a grampositive cocci, quite ubiquitous in nature. It is used in wine industry, and for aroma and texture of dairy products. Occasionally it has been isolated from humans in cases of bacteremia, catheter associated infections, sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia, UTI, osteomyelitis and hepatic dysfunction. Short bowel syndrome, patients with CVC and patients with gastrostomy undergoing enteral feeding, are described amongst the factors associated with this infection. The isolation of a grampositive cocci, that does not hydrolyze arginine and that is resistant to vancomycin leads to this diagnostic possibility. Antibiotic treatment: penicillin or ampicillin.


Leuconostoc es una cocácea grampositiva parecida a los Streptococcus, que se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en la naturaleza; es usada en la industria de vinos, productos lácteos y quesos para la producción de aromas y texturas. Leuconostoc causa ocasionalmente infecciones en humanos, puede producir bacteriemia, infección asociada a catéter, síndrome séptico, meningitis, neumonía, infección del tracto urinario, osteomielitis y compromiso hepático, entre otros. Se describen como factores de riesgo para una infección por este agente: el síndrome de intestino corto, uso de catéter venoso central y la alimentación enteral por gastrostomía. Orientan a la presencia de este agente el aislamiento de una cocácea grampositiva, catalasa negativa, PYR y LAP negativas, resistente a vancomicina. El tratamiento de elección es penicilina o ampicilina.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Nutrição Enteral/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Leuconostoc/isolamento & purificação , Nutrição Parenteral/efeitos adversos , Síndrome do Intestino Curto/complicações , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/etiologia
20.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 74(1): 31-34, ene.-mar. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-476391

RESUMO

Se informa el primer paciente operado en el Hospital de Especialidades del Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social con una fístula traqueoesofágica en H. La cirugía consistió en una toracotomía posterolateral derecha con resección de la fístula y reparación del esófago y la traquea. La fístula traqueoesofágica en H es una anormalidad congénita rara que constituye únicamente el 4% de todos los tipos de malformaciones congénitas de esófago. El diagnóstico puede realizarse al nacimiento pero en ocaciones este pasa desapercibido y se manifiesta como una neumopatía crónica como en el presente caso, constituyendo el diagnóstico un verdadero reto para los médicos tratantes...


Assuntos
Adulto , Atresia Esofágica/cirurgia , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/cirurgia , Anormalidades Congênitas , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Toracotomia/métodos
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